Sumerian tablets from Umma in the John Rylands library, Manchester, transcribed, transliterated and translated

SUMERIAN
TABLETS FROM UMMA

IN THE

JOHN RYLANDS LIBRARY

MANCHESTER

TRANSCRIBED, TRANSLITERATED, AND TRANSLATED BY

C. L. BEDALE, M.A.

LECTURER IN ASSYR1OLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER

WITH A FOREWORD BY

C. H. W. JOHNS, M.A., Lrrr.D.

MASTER OF ST. CATHERINE'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE

WITH TEN PLATES

MANCHESTER : THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
LONDON : LONGMANS, GREEN & COMPANY, AND BERNARD QUARITCH

NEW YORK, BOMBAY, CALCUTTA, MADRAS: LONGMANS, GREEN & COMPANY

1915

PRESENTED BY
THE TRUSTEES AND GOVERNORS

OF THE

JOHN RYLANDS LIBRARY
MANCHESTER

SUMERIAN
TABLETS FROM UMMA

THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

12 LIME GROVE, OXFORD ROAD, MANCHESTER

LONGMANS, GREEN & COMPANY

LONDON : 39 PATERNOSTER ROW E.C.

NEW YORK : 443-449 FOURTH AVENUE, AND THIRTIETH STREET
BOMBAY, CALCUTTA, MADRAS

BERNARD QUARITCH

ii GRAFTON STREET, NEW BOND STREET, LONDON \V.

No. 2 Obv.

No. 8 Rev.

No. 1 6 Obv.

No. 23 Obv.

No. 39 Rev.

No. 36 Obv.

No. 49 Obv.

No. 51 Obv.

No. 54 Obv.

No. 56 Obv.

SUMERIAN
TABLETS FROM UMMA

IN THE

JOHN RYLANDS LIBRARY

MANCHESTER

TRANSCRIBED, TRANSLITERATED, AND TRANSLATED BY

C. L. BEDALE, M.A.

LECTURER IN ASSYRIOLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER

WITH A FOREWORD BY

C. H. W. JOHNS, M.A., Lrrr.D.

MASTER OF ST. CATHERINE'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE

WITH TEN PLATES

MANCHESTER : THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

LONDON : LONGMANS, GREEN & COMPANY, AND BERNARD QUARITCH
NEW YORK, BOMBAY, CALCUTTA, MADRAS: LONGMANS, GREEN & COMPANY

1915

LETTERPRESS AND PLATES
PRINTED IN ENGLAND AT THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

PREFACE

THE John Rylands Library is noted as a gathering-place of students and
scholars attracted, not only from different parts of the United Kingdom but also
from other countries, by its treasures and by the opportunities which it affords
for study and research. Most fortunate of all are the members of the Victoria
University and others living in the neighbourhood of Manchester, who, by the
generosity of the Governors of the Library, have ready access to the abundant
materials for research in the various branches of learning. Among these are
the members of a little group of students whom the late Professor Hope W. Hogg
introduced some ten or twelve years ago to the fascinating study of Assyriology.
For here they find not only an abundant and ever-increasing supply of the
literature dealing with the subject, but also a collection of tablets which still
await decipherment and so provide a stimulus to original work. It was originally
the hope of the writer to assist Professor Hogg in editing the group of tablets
from which a number have been selected for publication in this volume.
Professor Hogg's death, however, whereby British Assyriology sustained an
irreparable loss, destroyed this hope. Mr. Guppy then entrusted the work to
the present editor, and the Reverend Canon C. H. W. Johns, Master of
St. Catherine's College, Cantbridge, kindly promised his assistance and advice.
This promise he has generously fulfilled, giving ungrudgingly both of his time
and of his knowledge whenever his counsel has been sought.

To Mr. Guppy, also, the editor is greatly indebted for his unfailing kindness
and courtesy, and for the provision of every facility for the completion of the

work.

C. L. BEDALE.

MANCHESTER,
May 1915.

FOREWORD

THE texts of a number of tablets from Umma, acquired for the John Rylands
Library by the foresight of the late Professor H. W. HOGG, are here copied,
transcribed, and translated by the Reverend C. L. BEDALE, one of his pupils.
These copies may be thoroughly relied upon as accurate renderings of the
original texts.

The tablets are written in the Sumerian language, and the personal names
are, with few exceptions, Sumerian and of the type familiar in the texts from
Telloh, Drehem, Nippur, &c. of the same period. A valuable collection of the
Telloh names will be found in P. ENGELBERT HUBER'S work, Die Personennamen
in den Keilschrifttirkunden aus der Zeit der Konige von Ur und Isin (Leipzig,
J. C. Hinrichs, 1907). But it was to be expected that new names would occur at
Umma, and these are a welcome addition. It is also of interest to note the
occurrence of a few Semitic names so far south in the Sumerian country.

The nature of the transactions recorded is much the same as that which
characterizes the tablets from Telloh of the same period. Most of them, and all
of them it may be, are what are usually called ' temple accounts '. The ancient
Babylonian Temples were organized much as were the monasteries and other
religious houses in our Middle Ages. They had large estates which they
managed themselves. From these and the gifts of the faithful they received,
yearly, large revenues; mostly in natural products. There was a number of
persons attached to the temple, priests, officers, and ministers of various sorts,
who lived at the expense of the temple. The temple stewards were bound to
furnish amounts of food, and other allowances to the persons who had a customary
claim on the temple. They were also bound to keep account of what they
received and furnished in this way. Also the servants, slaves, shepherds, and
husbandmen on the estates received allowances for wages and for the maintenance
of the flocks and herds of the temple.

It was then the custom to write down a record of each transaction on behalf
of the temple and the stewards or their scribes gradually accumulated vast
numbers of these memoranda, which they used to enter up periodically on large
tablets, many of which survive, and may be regarded as ledgers giving both
receipts and expenditure for months or years together. From these accounts,

viii FOREWORD

could we exactly interpret them, we should gain a very clear notion of city life
in Babylonia.

Any one who has tried to study the various account books of the monasteries
in our own country will understand that in addition to the difficulties of decipher-
ment, the entries even when read with certainty give rise to endless questions,
often insoluble. The entries are not written as consecutive prose, nor with regard
to literary rules of composition, but only with a view to conveying an intelligible
meaning to those versed in such accounts. Local names for commodities, local
measures, local saints or divinities, and many another detail will afford subjects
for research. A first editor must be content with giving a reliable transcript.

Mr. BEDALE appears to have done all that can be expected of a first editor
and for the elucidation of the obscurities which remain we must await the
publication of more documents of the same nature. Comparison with the similar
documents of the same period from other sites such as Drehem, Nippur, and
Telloh has already made many a puzzle clear, but we must await, with what
patience we can, more Umma texts.

So far as I know, this is the first considerable lot of Umma tablets to be made
available for study. I have reason to believe that thousands have reached the
Museums of Europe and America. These will, doubtless, ere long be published,
and it is much safer to wait for the light they must throw on the texts here given
than to attempt to force explanations with very inadequate sources of knowledge.
Sumerian is still very inadequately known, and it is a great mistake to suppose
that we can explain a compound word by our knowledge of its elements. Like
a chemical compound it may exhibit all sorts of characters in no way to be
deduced from those of its] constituents. Much progress has been, and more will
be, made as the result of scientific study. Imaginative guessing is scarcely worth
printing. It is not Mr. BEDALE'S fault, but a hopeful sign of his future success,
that he has left obscurities to the future and only tentatively suggested what
seemed reasonable enough, but may nevertheless be far from the truth.

It is very pleasant to see signs of our own scholars once more attacking
problems to which our own countrymen, Rawlinson, Hincks, G. Smith, and Sayce
once contributed so greatly. Trained in a severer school, and blessed with
a cautious disposition, the author has done what he could and is simply eager to
learn more from those who may take up his work. One can only trust that it
may be possible for him to devote his own energies to the revival of Assyriology
in England, and that he will not be left as his predecessors were to do the work
and pay for it as well.

C. H. W. JOHNS.

CONTENTS

PREFACE

FOREWORD

INTRODUCTION

DESCRIPTION OF THE TABLETS .
LIST OF PROPER NAMES

THE YEARS

THE MONTHS

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION

PAGES
V

vii

xi

xiii

i

3
4

PLATES

**

FACSIMILES OF TWELVE TABLETS IN COLLOTYPE
NINE PLATES OF HAND-COPIES OF THE TABLETS

Facing Title
, At end

INTRODUCTION

THE fifty-eight tablets here copied and translated are part of a group of about two hundred
belonging to the John Rylands Library, Manchester. They have been selected for publication
because, with one exception, they contain the Umma month-names, a list of which was published
by M. Thureau-Dangin in the Revue d' Assyria logic, vol. viii. p. 152 f.

They extend over a period beginning with the forty-fourth year of Dungi and ending with
the third year of Ibi-Sin ; no less than thirty of them being dated in the reign of the last-named
king.

As far as possible the tablets have been arranged according to their contents.

1. Nos. 1-23 : records of different kinds and quantities of food, either 'brought in' or 'given
out' ' for oxen, sheep, and asses.

(a) For oxen (Nos. 1-6).

The oxen are divided into four classes: 'fine fat oxen' (gild nitdg stg; for sig =' fine' v.
Delitzsch, Sum. Glos. p. 242), 'fat oxen ' (gud nitdg), ' oxen ' (gud} and ' young oxen ' (amar-gud).
The food varies both in kind and in quantity for the different classes. Three kinds of food are
mentioned : se (barley), du-sig and du-du. The element du may denote some preparation of
grain (cf. Br. 4476 ^~ = haSalu $a s$'im) perhaps ' crushed grain ' ; the elements sig and du
also occur in A. O. 5646 (R.A. viii. p. 156), where different amounts of kas-sig and ka$-du are
recorded. The daily allowance of food is as follows : gud nitdg sig receive 6 ka of barley and
30 ka of du-sig; gud receive 14 ka of du-du; amar-gud receive 6 ka of du-du. The usual
allowance for gud nitdg is 20 ka of du-sig, but once (No. 5, obv. 1. 2) it is 30 ka of du-sig, and
once (No. 2, obv. 1. 5) 10 ka of du-sig and 10 ka of du-du ; while in No. 3, obv. 1. 4 and in No. 4
oxen of this class receive the allowance of oxen of the first class ; but possibly in these two cases
the scribe should have written gud nitdg stg.

(6) For sheep (Nos. 7-23, except 16 and 20).

Two classes of sheep are mentioned : ' fine fat sheep ' (udu nitdg sig] and ' fat sheep ' (udu
nitdg). They receive the same kinds of food as the oxen, but in smaller quantities. The daily
allowance of barley was 1 f ka for udu nitdg stg and f ka for udu nitdg. From these two amounts
there is no variation. In the case of du-sig and du-du , however, no two amounts are alike. In
No. 1 2 du alone is given ; possibly it is intended to cover both du-sig and du-du.

(c) For asses (Nos. 16, 20).

The total amounts of food (barley) are given, but not the daily allowances.

2. Nos. 24-40 : records of quantities of barley, barley-meal (Nos. 38-40), dim (?) (No. 26),
and. gig (No. 31, obv. 1. 2) brought in, or given out, by and to different persons, and for various
purposes : e.g. sowing (No. 32, obv. 11. 5, 8), wages (Nos. 32, obv. 1. 6, 36, 37), loans (Nos. 33-
5). In many cases the purpose is not specified.

1 In some cases it is uncertain which of these two operations is implied.

xii INTRODUCTION

3. Nos. 41-7: records of various quantities of sa gi-zi for which the translation 'bundles
of reeds' is suggested. The meaning might be ' reed mats' or 'reed baskets', but against this
is the fact that in No. 42, rev. 1. 2, they are described as ' food for fat sheep'.

4. Nos. 50-3 : records of quantities of sheep-skins (?). This rendering is uncertain owing
to the fact that the sign is not clear on any of the tablets.

5. Nos. 56-8: records of groups of websters. These are described in No. 58, rev. 1. i, as
gi-fl (or ga-tu)-mal, and in Nos. 56 and 57 as gi-zi-tl-mal. The meaning of gi-fl, and, presumably,
of gi-zi-fl, is kuduru, dupSifcku (turban). The rendering suggested for the phrase is ' makers of
turbans (of reeds) '.

6. The remaining four tablets deal with different things : date-wine (No. 48), sheep and kids
(No. 49), a payment of silver (No. 54), butter and cheese (No. 55).

The following officials are mentioned: patesi (Nos. 15, 39), grand vizier (sukkal-mag ;
No. 20), overseer, or scribe (pa ; Nos. 27, 47, 56-8), baker (niu ; Nos. 50, 53), royal baker
(mu lugal\ No. 50), royal messenger (lu-ltin-gi-a-lugal ; No. 20), steward (glr passim). Only three
of the ' stewards ' are mentioned more than once, viz. Adda ; Anarnar, who seems to have been
responsible for the receipt and giving out of the food for the udu nitdg which formed the
'regular offering' (e.g. No. 17); and Ur- d Mami, who performed the same duties for the udu
nitdg sig (e.g. No. 19).

DESCRIPTION OF THE TABLETS

Note : The figures at the end of each description denote length x breadth x thickness of the tablet in millimetres.
Abbreviations : v.g. = very good ; g. = good ; f. = fair, fairly ; inscr. = inscribed, inscription ; si. = slightly ; Ir. = lower ;
up. = upper ; r. = right ; 1. = left ; cl. = clear ; ' lined' refers to lines drawn by scribe.

1. Condition v.g. ; inscr. f. cl. ; rev. 11. 2, 3 si. chipped; lined; 11. inscr. 5 (obv.) + 5 (rev.) = 10;

30 x 25 x 14.

2. Condition v.g. ; inscr. cl. ; rev. 11. 4, 6 si. chipped ; lined ; 11. inscr. 5 (obv.) + 6 (rev.) = 1 1 ;

33x31 x 14.

3. Condition g. ; obv. si. cracked down middle ; inscr. cl. ; lined ; 11. inscr. 5 (obv.) + 5 (rev.)

= 10; 31 X30X 14.

4. Condition g. ; rev. Ir. r. corner, middle r. edge chipped ; inscr. cl. ; lined ; 11. inscr. 4 (obv.)

+ 5 (rev.) = 9; 34x31 x 14.

5. Condition g. ; rev. 1. 2 si. chipped; inscr. cl. ; lined; 11. inscr. 3 (obv.) + 4 (rev.) = 7;

27 x 26 x 13.

6. Obv. Ir. 1. corner broken ; rev. up. 1. corner broken and chipped ; Ir. 1. corner chipped ; r.

edge chipped; elsewhere inscr. cl. ; lined; 11. inscr. 8 (obv.)+ 10 (rev.) = 18 ; 40 x 33 x 15.

7. Condition g. ; si. cracked; inscr. cl. ; lined; 11. inscr. 7 (obv.) + 7 (rev.) = 14; 40 x 34 x 15.

8. Condition g. ; inscr. f. cl. ; lined ; 11. inscr. 8 (obv.) + 5 (rev.) = 13 ; 33 x 30 x 12.

9. SI. cracked; obv. 11. i, 2, rev. 11. 4, 6 chipped; inscr. f. cl. ; lined; 11. inscr. 4 (obv.) + 6 (rev.)

= 10 ; 33 x 30 x 14.
10. Condition g. ; obv. 1. 8 chipped; inscr. cl. ; lined; 11. inscr. 8 (obv.) + 5 (rev.) = 13;

36X35X 13.
n. Several chips on obv. and rev. ; rev. bottom, Ir. r. corner, up. r. corner broken; inscr. f. cl. ;

lined; 11. inscr. 8 (obv.)+ 1 1 (rev.) = 19 ; 47 x 42 x 16.

12. Obv. 1. 2, rev. 11. 9, 10 and 1. edge si. chipped; inscr. f. cl. ; lined; 11. inscr. 7 (obv.)+ u (rev.)

= 18; 37x31 x 15.

13. Obv. mostly obscured; rev. condition g. and inscr. cl. ; rev. Ir. edge chipped; lined; 11. inscr.
6 (obv.) + 6 (rev.) = 12; 37*35>< 15-

14. Obv. 1. i chipped; rev. 1. 2 illegible; rev. Ir. edge chipped; many signs obscure; lined; 11.
inscr. 6 (obv.) + 7 (rev.) = 13; 40 x 34 x 15.

1 5. Condition g. ; r. edge si. chipped ; inscr. cl. ; lined ; 11. inscr. 4 (obv.) + 3 (rev.) = 7 ;

33X32X 13.

1 6. Condition g. ; 1. edge si. cracked; inscr. cl. ; lined; 11. inscr. 5 (obv.) + 2 (rev.) = 7;

31 x 31 x 13.

17. Condition f. ; obv. 1. i, rev. 1. i chipped; inscr. f. cl. ; lined; 11. inscr. 4 (obv.) + 3 (rev.) = 7 ;

30 x 29 x 14.

1 8. Obv. 1. 4 chipped; rev. badly chipped ; inscr. f. cl. ; lined; 11. inscr. 5 (obv.) + 2 (rev.) = 7;

29 x 27 x 14.

19. Obv. 1. 5 chipped; rev. badly chipped; inscr. moderately cl. ; lined; 11. inscr. 5 (obv.) + 3
(rev.) = 8; 35 x 35 x 14.

xiv DESCRIPTION OF THE TABLETS

20. Condition v.g. ; inscr. cl. ; lined ; 11. inscr. 5 (obv.) + 2 (rev.) = 7 ; 26 x 24 x 10.

21. Obv. 11. 3, 4 chipped; r. and rev. Ir. edges chipped; inscr. cl. ; lined; 11. inscr. 4 (obv.) + 5

(rev.) = 9; 30x25x12.

22. Condition g. ; rev. Ir. edge has deep cut affecting last sign; inscr. cl. ; lined; 11. inscr. 6

(obv.) + 3 (rev.) = 9 ; 37 x 34 x 14.

23. R. edge si. chipped, otherwise condition g. ; inscr. cl ; lined ; 11. inscr. 5 (obv.) + 5 (rev.)

= 10; 34X32X 14.

24. Obv. 11. 3, 4 and Ir. edge chipped ; rev. four or five seal impressions (illegible) ; inscr. f. cl. ;
unlined ; 11. inscr. 6 (obv.) + 2 (rev.) = 8 ; 36 x 38 x 1 1.

25. Condition v.g. ; inscr. cl. ; lined ; 11. inscr. 5 (obv.) + i (rev.) = 6 ; 32 x 30 x 13.

26. Condition v.g. ; obv. only inscr. ; rev. seal impression (legible) ; inscr. cl. ; unlined ; 11. inscr.

6; 38x 37x 12.

27. Obv. 1. 5 chipped, otherwise condition v.g. ; rev. seal impression (illegible) bet. 11. 2 and 3 ;
unlined ; 11. inscr. 5 (obv.) + 3 (rev.) = 8 ; 38 x 35 x 14.

28. Condition v.g. ; inscr. cl. ; lined ; 11. inscr. 3 (obv.) + 4 (rev.) = 7 ; 42 x 36 x 16.

29. Obv. up. r. corner broken, 1. 2 chipped ; inscr. cl. ; lined ; 11. inscr. 4 (obv.) + 3 (rev.) = 7 ;

33X35X 15-

30. Obv. Ir. r. corner broken, 1. i chipped ; inscr. f. cl. ; lined ; 11. inscr. 4 (obv.) + 5 (rev.) = 9 ;

38x35x 13.

31. Obv. 1. edge broken; inscr. f. cl. ; lined; 11. inscr. 6 (obv.) + 5 (rev.) = n ; 38 x 40 x 15.

32. Obv. and rev. chipped, esp. Ir. half of rev. ; inscr. in many places obscure ; lined, and vertical
line down middle of obv. ; 11. inscr. 8 (obv.) + 5 (rev.) = 13 ; 48 x 39 x 17.

33. Obv. 1. 4, rev. 1. 3 chipped ; inscr. blurred, esp. rev. 11. 2, 3, by seal impressions, of which
there are 5 on obv. and 4 on rev., all illegible ; unlined ; 11. inscr. 4 (obv.) + 3 (rev.) = 7 ;
40 x 38 x ii.

34. Obv. 1. 2 blurred, 1. 3 chipped ; rest of inscr. f. cl. ; rev. seal impression (illegible) between 11.

i and 2 ; unlined ; 11. inscr. 4 (obv.) + 2 (rev.) = 6 ; 38 x 40 x 1 3.

35. Obv. si. cracked; 1. edge chipped; inscr. cl. ; lined; 11. inscr. 4 (obv.)+i (rev.) = 5;

32 x 30 x 12.

36. Condition g. ; rev. up. corner si. cracked ; inscr. f. cl. ; rev. two seal impressions (illegible) ;

unlined ; 11. inscr. 5 (obv.) + 2 (rev.) = 7 ; 45 x 45 x 1 7.

37. Condition g. ; inscr. f. cl. ; obv. two, rev. one seal impression (all illegible) ; unlined ; 11. inscr.

4 (obv.) + 3 (rev.) = 7 ; 41 x 40 x 1 2.

38. Obv. Ir. r. corner broken and chipped ; inscr. f. cl. ; obv. five seal impressions, rev. one (all

illegible) ; unlined ; 11. inscr. 3 (obv.) + 2 (rev.) = 5 ; 34 x 36 x u.

39. Condition g. ; inscr. cl. ; rev. seal impression (legible) ; unlined ; 11. inscr. 4 (obv.) + 2 (rev.)

= 6; 37 x 36 x 12.

40. Condition g. ; rev. 1. 2 si. chipped ; inscr. cl. ; lined ; 11. inscr. 3 (obv.) + 5 (rev.) = 8 ;

40 x 34 x 15.

4 1 . Obv. up. r. corner, r. edge, rev. Ir. r. corner si. chipped ; inscr. cl. ; lined ; 11. inscr. 6 (obv.)

+ i (rev.) = 7 ; 30 x 29 x 10.

42. Condition g. ; inscr. cl. ; seal impressions (illeg.) on obv. and rev. ; unlined ; 11. inscr. 5 (obv.)

+ 5 (rev.) = 10 ; 43 x 46 x 13.

43. Badly broken ; inscr. obscure ; obv. four seal impressions, rev. three ; unlined ; 11. inscr.
4 (obv.) + 4 (rev.) = 8 ; 43 x 43 x 1 3.

DESCRIPTION OF THE TABLETS xv

44. Condition g. ; r. edge si. chipped ; inscr. cl. ; lined ; 11. inscr. 4 (obv.) + 3 (rev.) = 7 ;

34 x 28 x 15.

45. Condition g. ; r. edge si. chipped ; inscr. cl. ; lined ; 11. inscr. 6 (obv.) + 1 (rev.) = 7 ;

35 x 33 * 14-

46. Condition g. ; inscr. cl. ; lined; 11. inscr. 3 (obv.)+ i (rev.) = 4; 30 x 28 x 17.

47. Condition f. ; inscr. f. cl. ; obv. 1. 3 small hole ; lined ; 11. inscr. 3 (obv.) + 4 (rev.) = 7 ;

37X36x 15.

48. Numerous small cracks ; r. edge deeply indented, not broken ; seal impressions both sides ;
unlined ; 11. inscr. 4 (obv.) + 6 (rev.) = 10 ; 48 x 37 x 13.

49. Condition f. g. ; obv. 11. 4, 5 si. chipped ; inscr. cl. ; lined ; 11. inscr. 5 (obv.) + 2 (rev.) = 7 ;

33x31 xi3.

50. Obv. up. 1. corner chipped, Ir. part si. cracked ; inscr. f. cl. ; lined ; 11. inscr. 6 (obv.) + 7

(rev.) = 13; 41 x 34 x 15.

51. Rev. 11. 2, 5 si. chipped; inscr. f. cl. ; lined; 11. inscr. 5 (obv.) + 5 (rev.) = 10; 27 x 26 x 12.

52. Obv. 11. 2, 3, 4, rev. 11. i, 2 chipped; several si. cracks; illegible marks between 11. 2 and 3
obv. ; inscr. not cl. ; lined ; 11. inscr. 4 (obv.) + 2 (rev.) = 6 ; 29 x 28 x 13.

53. Obv. 1. i cut across last sign, 1. 2 chipped; rev. 1. i chipped, 1. 2 blurred, 11. 3, 4, 5 chipped;

inscr. f. cl. ; lined ; 11. inscr. 4 (obv.) + 5 (rev.) = 9 ; 26 x 23 x 13.

54. Obv. condition g., inscr. f. cl., rev. 1. i cut across last sign, 1. 2 chipped ; lined ; 11. inscr.
4 (obv.) + 2 (rev.) = 6 ; 37 x 35 x 15.

55. Condition g. ; obv. 1. 2 si. hole; obv. four, rev. three, seal impressions (illegible) ; inscr. cl. ;

unlined ; 11. inscr. 4 (obv.) + 4 (rev.) = 8 ; 51x42x13.

56. Obv. Ir. r. corner si. broken ; rev. up. r. corner chipped ; inscr. moderately cl. ; lined ; 11.

inscr. 5 (obv.) + 4 (rev.) = 9 ; 32 x 32 x 13.

57. Condition g. ; inscr. f. cl. ; lined; 11. inscr. 5 (obv.) + 4 (rev.) = 9; 32 x 30 x 14.

58. Obv. 11. 3, 4, rev. 1. 4, r. edge chipped; inscr. f. cl. ; lined; 11. inscr. 5 (obv.) + 4 (rev.) = 9;

29 x 28 x 17.

LIST OF PROPER NAMES

i. Persons.
A-ab-ba-mu, 40.
A-a-kal-la, 46.

Ab-ba-gi-na, 2 1 ; A.O. $66o(R.A. viii. p. 1 52 ff.).
Ad-da, 24, 25, 26, 35, 40, 53, 56, 57; A.O.

5646 (R.A. viii. p. 152 ff.).
A-nar-nar, 8, 10, n, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 30;

A.O. 5646 (^.^4. viii. p. 152 ff.); cf. Igi-

nar-nar (R.A. viii. p. 87).
An-ki, 36.
An-na-gi-li-bi, 42.

Ba-an-sag, 26.

Ba-sag, 49.

Ba-sig, 50.

Bf-it, 42; cf. Bi-it-tu, Trouv. Drdhcm 5508.

Da-a-ga, 37.

Da-a-gi, 40.

Da-da-a, 35 ; A.O. 5646 (R.A. viii. p. 152 ff.).

Dingir-sukkal, 14.

6-gal-e-si, 27.
-ur-bi-gi, 54.

Gimil-1-li, 20.
Gis-ba(?)-nig-ni, 55.

Gu-pi-pi, 42.

Ka-dingir-ra, 16.
Ka-''X, 42.
Ki-gu-du-du, 50.

Lu-dingir-ra, 14, 50, 53.
Lu- d Dun-gi, 32.

Lii- d Dun-gi-ra, 33, 34.

Lu-pal-sig, 31 ; A.O. 5648 (R.A. viii. p. 1 52 ff).

Lugal-e-mag-e, 34, 36, 38 ; A.O. 5648 (R.A.

viii. p. 152 ff).
Lugal-gar-si-e, 17, 50, 53, 55 (seal); cf. R.A.

xi. i, p. 27.
Lugal-ka-zi, 24.
Lugal-sib-a-za, 27.
Lugal-[ ]-e, 32, 54.
Lugal . . . ga-ni, 37.

Mu-u-ma-ni, 24.

d Nannar-en-zu, 16.
Ni-kal-la, 47, 50, 56, 57, 58.

Pa-gar-gar-e-ne, (if a proper name) 3 1 .
Ri-dam, 28.

Tu-ni-mu, 14, 28.
Tur-am-1-lf, 16.

tJ-ma-ni, 29.

Ud- d X, 44.

Ur-am-ma, 32.

Ur-an-ma, 42.

Ur- d Babbar, 29.

Ur- d Dun-pa-e', 32.

Ur-gis-ginar, 32, 50, 53 ; cf. Lugal-gis-ginar,

A.O. 5646 (R.A. viii. p. 152 ff).
Ur- d Ma-mi, 7, 13, 19, 21, 22, 23, 30.
Ur-mi-ku, 27.

Ur-sukkal, 50.
Ur-ur, 25.
Uru, 36.

2

Uru-mu, 28.

d X-kam, 39-
d X-mu-du, 23.

2. Deities.
d Bur-Sin, 51.
d DU(?).

SUMERIAN TABLETS

d Dun-gi, 51.
d En-lil, 52.
d Gimil-Sin, 51.
d Gu-la, 46.
d Nin-ib, 52.
d Nin-ir-ra, 18, 51.
d X,8, 10,24.

THE YEARS

Dungi.

Year 44 mu An-sa-an-ki ba-gul. 37, 49.

45 mu us-sa An-sa-an-ki ba-gul. 25.

46 mu u3-sa An-sa-an-ki ba-gul mu us-sa-bi. 24.

47 mu bad ba-du (or 4th year of Gimil-Sin ?). 26.

55 mu us-sa Si-mu-ru-um-ki Lu-lu-bu-um-ki a-du g-kam ba-gul. 36.

,, 57 mu u3-sa Ki-mas-ki ba-gul. 42.

58 mu us-sa Ki-mas-ki ba-gul mu us-sa-bi. 27.

Bur-Sin.

Year i mu d Bur- d Sin lugal. 28.

,, 4 mu en-[unu]-gal An-na ba-su. 54.
8 mu en Erida-ki ba-su. 16, 33, 34, 38.

Gimil-Sin.
Year 4 mu us-sa Si-ma-num-ki ba-gul. 39.

mu bdd Mar-tu ba-du. 48 (also 26 ?).
9 mu e- d X ba-du. 14, 15, 29, 50.

mu d X e [sic] Gis-ug-ki ba-du. 41.

Ibi-Sin.

Year I mu d I-bi- d Sin lugal. 3, 10, 17, 18, 19, 43, 47, 51, 52, 56, 57, 58.

2 mu en d lnnana Unug-ki mas-e-ni-pad. i, 2, 4, 5, 6, 1 1, 12, 20, 21, 22, 30, 44, 55.
3 mu us-sa en d [Innana] mas-e-ni-pad. 23.

mu d I-bi- d Sin lugal-e Si-mu-ru-um-ki [ba-gul]. 13.
mu Si-mu-ru-um-ki ba-gul. 7, 8, 9.

Year not given : 31, 35, 40, 45, 46, 53.
Year illegible : 32.

THE MONTHS

Cf. Thureau-Dangin : R.A. viii. p. 152 ff.

itu se-kin-kud

itu sfg giS-i-ub ba-gar

itu Se-kar-ra-gal

24, 29; y4.6>. 5653.

23; A.O. 5648.

4; A.O. 5660.

itu RI

8, 20 ; ^4.(7. 5646.
5 ; A.O. 5649.

itu Su-numun 11, 26, 35, 37, 39; ^4.C>. 5654.

itu min-ab 13, 21, 27, 28, 30, 38, 40, 54;

A.O. 5655-

itu e-itu-as 3, 6, 10, 14, 16, 17, 18, 22, 31,

3 2 . 36,43, 55; A.O. 5651.

itu d Ne-giin

itu Ezen d Dun-gi

itu pa-ii-e
itu d Dumu-zi

2, 9, 12, 25, 33, 44, 58;
A.O. 5650.

i, 7, 19, 47. 56, 57!
^4.a 5662.

45, 46, 49- 50, 51, 52, 53;
A.O. 5652.

34, 48 ; A.O. 5647.

itu dirig

15, 42; A.O. 5661.

TRANSLITERATION 1 AND TRANSLATION

1.

OBV. (i) 3 gud nitdg sig 6 ka se 30 ka du-sig-ta (2) 2 gud nitag 20 ka du-sig-ta (3) 5 gud 14 ka

du-du-ta (4) 3 amar-gud 6 ka dii-du-ta (5) ud 29-511
REV. (i) su-nigin i gur 222 ka se gur (2) su-nigin 12 gur 170 ka du sig gur (3) su-nigin 8 gur 152

ka du-du gur (4) itu Ezen d Dun-gi (5) mu en d lnnana Unug-ki mas-e-ni-pdd.

i gur 222 ka of barley, 12 gur 170 ka of du-stg, 8 gur 152 ka of du-du the total amounts
of food for 3 fine fat oxen at 6 ka of barley, 30 ka of du-stg each per day, 2 fat oxen at 20 ka of
du-stg each per day, 5 oxen at 14 ka of du-du each per day, and 3 young oxen at 6 ka of du-du
each per day, for a period of 29 days.

Date : 2nd year of Ibi-Sin ; month Ezen d Dun-gi.

2.

OBV. (i) 3 gud nitdg sig 6 ka se 30 ka du-sig-ta (2) i gud nitd 20 ka du-sig-ta (3) ud 17-511 (4) 3
gud nitdg sig 6 ka se 30 ka du-sig-ta (5) 2 gud nitdg 10 ka du-sig 10 ka du-du-ta

REV. (i) ud 12-su (2) su-nigin i gur 222 ka se gur (3) su-nigin 10 gur 190 ka du-sig gur (4) su-
nigin 240 ka du-du (5) itu d Ne-giin (6) mu en d lnnana Unug-ki mds-e-ni-pdd.

i gur 222 ka of barley, 10 gur 190 ka of du-stg, 240 ka of du-du the total amounts of food
for 3 fine fat oxen at 6 ka of barley 30 ka of du-sig each per day, and i fat ox at 20 ka of du-stg
per day, for a period of 1 7 days ; and for 3 fine fat oxen at 6 ka of barley 30 ka of du-stg each per
day, and 2 fat oxen at 10 ka of du-sig 10 ka of du-du each per day, for a period of 12 days.

Date : 2nd year of Ibi-Sin ; month d Ne-giin.

3.

OBV. (1)4 gud nitdg sig 6 ka se 30 ka du-sig-ta (2) i gud nitdg 20 ka du-sig-ta (3) ud 7-311 (4) 3 gud

nitdg 2 6 ka se 30 ka du-sig-ta (5) i gud nitdg 20 ka du-sig-ta
REV. (i) ud 23-311 (2) sii-nigin i gur 282 ka se gur (3) su-nigin 1 1 gur 210 ka du-sig gur (4) itu e-

itu-as (5) mu d I-bi- d Sin lugal.

i gur 282 ka of barley, 1 1 gur 210 ka of du-sig the total amounts of food for 4 fine fat oxen
at 6 ka of barley 30 ka of du-stg each per day, and i fat ox at 20 ka of du-sig per day, for a period
of 7 days ; and for 3 fat oxen at 6 ka of barley 30 ka of du-stg each per day, and i fat ox at
20 ka of du-stg per day, for a period of 23 days.

Date : ist year of Ibi-Sin ; month -itu-as.

1 The method of transliteration employed is that of 2 The amount of the daily allowance suggests the omis-
Delitzsch, Sumerisches Glossar. sion of sig by scribal error.

6 SUMERIAN TABLETS

4.

OBV. (r) 2 gud nitag 1 6 ka Se 30 ka du-sig-ta (2) ud 2o-su (3) 3 gud nitag 1 6 ka Se 30 ka du-sig-ta

(4) ud 9-su

REV. (i) Sii-nigin i gur IO3 2 ka Se gur (2) su-nigin 6 gur 210 ka du-sig gur (3) Sa-gal gud nitag (4)
itu Se-kar-ra-gal (5) mu en d lnnana Unug-ki mas-e-ni-[pad].

i gur iO3 2 ka of barley, 6 gur 210 ka of du-sig the total amounts of food for 2 fat oxen 3 at
6 ka of barley 30 ka of du-stg each per day, for a period of 20 days ; and for 3 fat oxen 3 at 6 ka of
barley 30 ka of du-sig each per day, for a period of 9 days.

Date : 2nd year of Ibi-Sin ; month $e-kar-ra-gdl.

5.

OBV. (i) 3 gud nitag sig 6 ka Se 30 ka dii 4 -ta (2) i gud nitdg 30 ka du 4 -ta (3) ud 29-311
REV. (i) Sti-nigin i gur 222 ka Se gur (2) sii-nigin 1 1 gur 180 ka du-sig gur (3) itu RI (4) mu en
d lnnana Unug-ki maS-e-ni-pad.

i gur 222 ka of barley, 1 1 gur 180 ka of du-stg the total amounts of food for 3 fine fat oxen
at 6 ka of barley 30 ka of du-stg each per day, and for i fat ox at 30 ka of du-sig per day, for a
period of 29 days.

Date : 2nd year of Ibi-Sin ; month RI,

6.

OBV. (i) 4 gud 14 ka du-du-ta (2) i amar-gud 6 ka du-du-ta (3) ud 2-su (4) 7 + x gud 14 ka du-du

(5) i amar-gud 6 ka du-du (6) [ud] 6-su (7) x gud 14 ka du-du-ta (8) x amar-gud 6 ka du-du
REV. (i) [ud x] -Su (2) \x gud 14] ka du-du-ta (3) [i amar-gud 6] ka du-du-ta (4) ud i-su (5) x gud

14 ka du-du (6) i amar-gud 6 ka du-du (7) ud 19-511 (8) su-nigin x gur x + 52 ka du-du gur
(9) [itu e]-itu-as (10) [mu] en d lnnana Unug-ki mas-e-ni-pad.

Total amount (illegible) of du-du for four lots of oxen and young oxen the daily allow-
ance for the former being 14 ka, for the latter 6 ka.
Date : 2nd year of Ibi-Sin ; month $-ii

7.

OBV. (i) 43 udu nitag sig i| ka se-ta (2) i| ka I gin du-sig-ta (3) 10 gin du-du-ta (4) se-bi 64! ka
(5) du-sig-bi 58 ka 3 gin (6) du-du-bi 7 ka 10 gin (7) ud i-kam ud 3O-u

REV. (i) Su-nigin 6 gur 135 ka se gur (2) su-nigin 5 gur 241! ka du-sig (3) su-nigin 215 ka du-du
(4) a-gal udu nitag sig (5) gir Ur- d Ma-mi (6) itu Ezen d Dun-gi (7) mu Si-mu-ru-um-ki ba-gul.

6 gur 135 ka of barley, 5 gur 24 1| ka of du-sig, 215 ka of du-du the total amounts of food
for 43 fine fat sheep, for a period of 30 days, at i| ka of barley, i| ka i gin of du-stg and 10 gin
of dii-du each per day ; the daily totals being 64! ka of barley, 58 ka 3 gin of du-stg and 7 ka 10
gin of du-du : steward Ur- d Ma-mi.

Date : 3rd year of Ibi-Sin ; month Ezen d Dun-gi.

1 The amount of food suggests that the reading should be 3 Probably for ' fine fat oxen '.
gud nildfe sig. ' For du-sig.

* Should be 102 ka.

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION 7

8.

OBV. (i) 150 udu nitag (2) f ka se-ta (3) f ka 6 gin du-sig-ta (4) | ka du-du-ta (5) ud i-kam (6) ud

30-311 (7) se-bi 1 2 gur 1 50 ka gur (8) du-sig-bi 6 gur 1 50 ka gur

REV. (i) du-du-bi 5 gur (2) sa-gal udu nitag sa-dug d X u sd-dug dingir-ri-ne (3) ki-A-nar-nar-ta (4)
itu X (5) mu Si-mu-ru-um-ki ba-gul.

12 gur 150 ka of barley, 6 gur 150 ka of du-sig and 5 gur of du-du the total amounts of
food for 150 fat sheep, the regular offerings for A X and for the gods, for a period of 30 days, at f
ka of barley, ~ ka 6 gin of du-sig and | ka of du-du each per day : from A-nar-nar.
Date : 3rd year of Ibi-Sin ; month X.

9.

OBV. (i) 43 [udu nitag sig if] ka se-ta (2) if ka 2 gin du-sig-ta (3) se-bi 64! ka (4) du-sig-bi 65!
ka 6 gin

REV. (i) ud i-kam ud 29-311 (2) su-nigin 6 gur yo| ka se gur (3) su-nigin 6 gur H2| ka 4 gin du-
sig gur (4) sa-gal udu nitag sig (5) itu Ne-giin (6) mu Si-mu-ru-um-ki ba-[gul].

6 gur yo| ka of barley and 6 gur 1 12 ka 4 gin of du-sig total amounts of food for 43 fine
fat sheep for a period of 29 days, at [i|] ka of barley, if ka 2 gin of dii-sig each per day : the daily-
totals being 64! ka of barley and 65! ka 6 gin of du-stg.

Date : 3rd year of Ibi-Sin ; month d Ne-giin.

10.

OBV. (i) 180 udu nitag (2) f ka se-ta (3) f ka du-sig-ta (4) | ka 3! gin du-du-ta (5) ud i-kam (6) ud

30-311 (7) se-bi 1 5 gur (8) du-sig-bi [6] gur
REV. (i) du-du-bi 7 gur (2) sa-gal udu nitag sa-dug A X u sa-dug dingir-ri-ne (3) ki-A-nar-nar-ta (4)

itu e-itu-as (5) mu d I-bf- d Sin lugal.

15 gur of barley, [6] gur of dil-stg and 7 gur of du-du the total amounts of food for 180 fat
sheep, the regular offerings for A X and for the gods, for a period of 30 days, at f ka of barley,
| ka of du-stg and | ka 3^ gin of du-du each per day : from A-nar-nar.

Date : ist year of Ibi-Sin ; month 8-itu-a$.

11.

OBV. (i) 90 udu nitag f ka se-ta (2) | ka du-sig \ ka 3! gin du-du-ta (3) ud i-kam ud 15-311 (4) se-
bi 3 gur 225 ka gur (5) du-sig-bi 3 gur (6) du-du-bi 2 gur 150 ka gur (7) 60 udu nitdg | ka se
(8) [i ka du-sig | ka du-du-ta]

RKV. (i) ud i-kam ud i5-[su] (2) se-bi 2 gur 150 ka (3) du-sig-bi 3 [gur] (4) du-du-bi 2 gur 150 ka
(5) su-nigin 6 gur 75 ka se gur (6) su-nigin 6 gur dii-sig gur (7) su-nigin 5 gur du-du gur

(8) a-gal udu nitdg sa-[dug ] (9) ki-A-nar-nar-ta (10) itu sii-numun (i i) mu en

d lnnana [Unug]-ki ma-e-ni-pad.

^ g ur 75 ka of barley, 6 gur of du-stg and 5 gur of du-du the total amounts of food for two
lots of fat sheep, for periods of 1 5 days : viz. one lot of 90 sheep at | ka of barley, \ ka of du-sig
and | ka 3! gin of du-du each per day, and the other lot of 60 sheep at | ka of barley, [i ka of
du-sig and | ka of du-du~\ each per day : from A-nar-nar.

Date : 2nd year of Ibi-Sin ; month hi-numun.

8 SUMERIAN TABLETS

12.

OBV. (i) 84 udu nitdg (2) f- ka [se-ta] (3) i ka 18 gin du-ta (4) ud 8-su (5) 120 udu nitdg jj- ka se-ta

( 6 ) I ka 5 gin du-ta (7) ud 12-su
REV. (i) 107 udu nitdg f ka se-ta (2) i ka 2 gin du-ta (3) ud 3-811 (4) 72 udu ka se-ta (5) i-| ka

du-ta (6) ud 6-su (7) se-bi 7 gur 287^ ka gur (8) du-bi 10 gur igo 1 ka gur (9) sa-gal udu

nitag sd-dug (10) itu d Ne-gun (n) (edge) mu en d lnnana mds-e-ni-pdd.

7 gur 287^ ka of barley and 10 gur 190 ' ka of du the total amounts of food for four lots of
fat sheep: the daily allowance of barley being f ka per sheep, that of du being i ka 18 gin for
the first lot, ka 5 gin for the second, i ka 2 gin for the third, and i \ ka for the fourth.

Date : 2nd year of Ibi-Sin ; month d Ne-gun.

13.

OBV. (i) [#udu nitdg sig] (2) se-ta (3) du-sig-ta (4) x + 3 ka (5) 66|

ka (6) [ud i]-kam ud 30-311
REV. (i) sii-nigin 7 gur 150 ka se gur (2) su-nigin 6 gur 200 ka du-sig gur (3) sa-gal udu nitag sig

(4) gir Ur- d Ma-mi (5) itu min-ab (6) mu d I-bi- d Sin lugal-e Si-mu-ru-um-ki [ba-gul].

7 gur 150 ka of barley and 6 gur 200 ka of du-stg the total amounts of food for fine fat
sheep (number illegible) for a period of 30 days : steward Ur- d Ma-mi.

Date : 3rd year of Ibi-Sin ; month min-ab.

14.

OBV. (i) [i gur] 240 ka Se gur a-[sag ld]-mag(?) 2 -ta (2) gir Lu-dingir-ra dumu Tu-ni-mu (3) 4 gur

260 ka gur e-uru-ta (4) 4 gur se gur a-sag la-mag (?) (5) a-du 2-kam (6) gir Dingir-sukkal
REV. (i) 105 ka se-gub-ba (?) (2) (3) gir Ur- d Sin (4) n gur 15 ka 3 (5) sa-gal udu

nitag (6) mu-tum itu e-itu-as (7) mu e- d X ba-dii.

1 1 gur 15 ka 3 of barley the total amount of food for fat sheep made up of [i gur] 240 ka
from the [field ld]-mag(?Y ' conveyancer Lu-dingir-ra son of Tu-ni-mu ; 4 gur 260 ka from the
slaves' (?) house and 4 gur from the field Id-mag (?), the second instalment : conveyancer Dingir-
sukkal ; and 105 ka in stalk (?) : steward Ur- d Sin.

Date : gth year of Gimil-Sin ; month e-itu-aL

15.

OBV. (i) 5 gur 280 ka se gur (2) e-pa-te-si dug(?) (3) sa-gal udu nitdg sig . . . (4) mu-tum
REV. (i) sag -mas-su (2) itu dirig (3) mu e- d X ba-du.

5 gur 280 ka of barley amount of food for fine fat sheep . . . (from) the house of the patesi
brought to 8-maL

Date : 9th year of Gimil-Sin ; intercalary month.

16.

OBV. (i) 20 ka Se lugal (2) sa-gal ansu (3) d Nannar-en-zu (4) Ka-dingir-ra-ta (5) gir Tur-dm-1-H
REV. (i) itu eMtu-as (2) mu en Erida-ki ba-su.

20 ka of barley, royal measure amount of food for an ass (received by) d Nannar-en-zu from
Ka-dingir-ra ; steward Tur-dm-i-li.

Date : 8th year of Bur-Sin ; month -itu-a$.

1 The correct total is 10 gur 173 ka 18 gin. " The total is 10 ka too much. Perhaps we should read

1 The sign is not very clear, but cf. No. 33, obv. 1. 3. 4 gur 270 ka in obv. 1. 3.

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION 9

17.

OBV. (i) 70 ka [se] (2) ki-Lugal-gar-si-e-ta (3) sa-gal udu nitag sd-dug (4) A-nar-nar
REV. (i) a-du i-[kam] (2) itu e-itu-as (3) mu d l-bf- d Sin lugal.

70 ka [of barley] amount of food for fat sheep, the regular offering, (received by) A-nar-nar
from Lugal-gar-si-e : first instalment.

Date : ist year of Ibi-Sin ; month -itu-aL

18.

OBV. (i) 3 gur 60 ka se gur (2) a-sag d Nin-ir-ra-ta (3) sa-gal udu nitag sa-dug (4) e-udu

(5) A-nar-nar
REV. (i) [itu] e-itu-as (2) [mu] d l-bf- d Sin lugal.

3 gur 60 ka of barley amount of food for fat sheep, the regular offering for the sheepfold ;
from the field of d Nin-ir-ra; (received by) A-nar-nar.

Date: ist year of Ibi-Sin; month e-itu-aL

19.

OBV. (i) i gur 1 20 ka se gur (2) Sa-gal udu nitag slg (3) Ur- d Ma-mi (4) i gur 120 ka se gur (5) sa-
gal udu nitag

REV. (i) (2) itu Ezen d [Dun-gi] (3) mu d l-[bi]- d Sin lugal.

Two lots of barley, each i gur 120 ka food for fine fat sheep, (received by) Ur- d Ma-mi and

Date : ist year of Ibi-Sin ; month Ezen * Dun-gi.

20.

OBV. (i) 1 20 ka Se gur (2) sa-gal anSu-bar (3) sukkal-mag (4) gir Gimil-1-H (5) lu-kin-gi-a-lugal
REV. (i) itu X (2) mu en d lnnana mds-e-ni-pad.

1 20 ka of barley food for asses, (received by) the grand vizier ; steward Gimil-i-li, the royal
messenger.

Date : 2nd year of Ibi-Sin ; mdftth X.

21.

OBV. (i) 135 ka se (2) sa-gal udu nitdg sig (3) dup Ur- d Ma-[mi] (4) 60 +x [ka] se

REV. (i) sa-gal udu nitdg sd-dug (2) dup A-nar-nar (3) ki-Ab-ba-gi-[na]-ta (4) itu min-ab (5) mu en

d Innana mds-e-ni-pdd.

135 ka of barley food for fine fat sheep, sealed for by Ur- d Ma-[mi]; and 60 +x ka food
for fat sheep, regular offering, sealed for by A-nar-nar : from Ab-ba-gi-[na].

Date : 2nd year of Ibi-Sin ; month min-a6.

22.

OBV. (i) 6 gur 33-3- ka Se gur (2) sa-gal udu nitag sd-dug (3) A-nar-nar (4) 3 gur 266| ka se gur

(5) sa-gal udu nitdg sig (6) Ur- d Ma-mi
REV. (i) ki-lam (?) gu-la a-sag l (2) itu e-itu-as (3) mu en d lnnana mas-e-ni-pdd.

6 gur 33^ ka of barley food for fat sheep, regular offering, (received by) A-nar-nar; and
3 gur 266| ka of barley food for fine fat sheep, (received by) Ur- d Ma-mi :

Date : 2nd year of Ibi-Sin ; month $-itu-a$.

1 Cf. ki-lam (?) gu-la a-Tag Id-mag-ta (No. 33, obv. 1. 3), a-$ctg Id-mag (No. 14, obv. 1. 4), and ki-lam(?) a-lhg (No. 30,
rev. 1. i). The sign read lam is uncertain in every case.

io SUMERIAN TABLETS

23.

OBV. (i) 6 gur 120 ka se gur (2) Sa-gal udu nitag sa-dug (3) A-nar-nar (4) 3 gur 180 ka Se gur

(5) 3a-gal udu nitag slg
REV. (i) Ur- d Ma-mi (2) ki- d X-mu-du-ta (3) gin l (P)-ud-ka-bar-ta (4) itu sfg giS-i-sub ba-gar

(5) mu uS-sa en d [Innana] mas-e-ni-pad.

6 gur 1 20 ka of barley food for fat sheep, regular offering, (received by) A-nar-nar ; and
3 gur 180 ka of barley food for fine fat sheep, (received by) Ur- d Ma-mi : from d X-mu-du.
Date : 3rd year of Ibi-Sin ; month sfg gi$-t-$ub ba-gar.

24.

OBV. (i) 1 20 ka Se lugal (2) sa-dug A X (3) -an-an-ta (4) ki-Ad-da-ta (5) Mu-u-

ma-ni su-ba-ti (6) dup Lugal-ka-zi
REV. (i) itu e-kin(?)-kud (2) mu uS-sa An-sa-[an]-ki ba-gul mu u-sa-bi.

1 20 ka of barley, royal measure, the regular offering to d X, Mu-u ma-ni has received from
Ad-da ; sealed for by Lugal-ka-zi.

Date : 46th year of Dungi ; month e-kin-kud.

25.

OBV. (i) i gur se gur-lugal (2) ki-Ad-da-ta (3) Ur-ur (4) su-ba-ti (5) itu d Ne-giin
REV. (i) mu uS-sa An-sa-an-ki ba-gul.

i gur of barley, royal measure, Ur-ur has received from Ad-da.
Date : 45th year of Dungi ; month ^Ne-gfin.

26.

OBV. (i) i gur dim 2 (?) gur-lugal (2) ki-Ad-da-ta (3) Ba-an-sag (4) su-ba-ti (5) itu su-numun (6) mu
bad ba-dii.

i gur of ctim? royal measure, Ba-an-sag has received from Ad-da.
Date : 47th year of Dungi ; month M-numun.

27.

OBV. (i) 20 ka Se gur-lugal (2) Lugal-sib-a-za-ta (3) itu min-ab-ta (4) ud 13 am (5) ba-ra-ni ....
REV. (i) pa Ur-mi-ku (2) dup fi-gal-e-si (3) mu uS-sa Ki-maJ>-ki ba-gul mu us-sa-bi.

20 ka of barley, royal measure, from (?) Lugal-sib-a-za : overseer Ur-mi-ku ; sealed for
by E-gal-e-si.

Date : 58th year of Dungi ; i3th day of month min-ab.

1 Dr. Johns suggests that this sign is a badly-written * Cf. T.S.A. No. 5, rev. col. 6, 1. 3 : ga-azag dim-azag
TU. We then have a record of the price of the barley : = pure milk and pure dim. The sign, however, is not very
i shekel of copper per gur. clear, and may = ^

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION IT

28.

OBV. (i) 13 gur 240 ka se gur-lugal (2) sag-dub-ba lu gi-[ ]-ta (3) Tu-ni-mu ba-ra-tur(P)
REV. (i) dup Uru-mu-ta (2) dumu Ri-dam (3) itu min-ab (4) mu d Bur- d Sin lugal.

13 gur 240 ka of barley, royal measure Tu-ni-mu has

sealed for by Uru-mu the son of Ri-dam.

Date : ist year of Bur-Sin ; month min-ab.

29.

OBV. (i) 160 ka se . . . (2) Im-a (3) 210 ka Ur- d Babbar (4) 30 ka U-ma-ni

REV. (i) i gur 100 ka (2) itu se-kin-kud (3) mu e d X ba-dii.

i gur 100 ka of barley total of three lots (received by) Im-a . . . . , Ur- d Babbar and 0-ma-ni
respectively.

Date : gth year of Gimil-Sin ; month se-kin-kud.

30.

OBV. (i) -r+3 gur 180 ka se gur (2) A-nar-nar (3) 3 gur 235 ka se gur (4) Ur- d Ma-mi

REV. (i) ki-lam(?) a-sag (2) mu-tum e-udu(?) (3) gir A-nar-nar (4) itu min-ab (5) mu en

d lnnana Unug-ki mas-e-ni-pad.

*+3 gur J 8o ka of barley (received by) A-nar-nar and 3 gur 235 ka (received by) Ur- d Ma-
mi brought to the sheepfold (?) : steward A-nar-nar.

Date : 2nd year of Ibi-Sin ; month min-ab.

31.

OBV. (i) 15 gur se gur (2) 3 gur gig gur (3) mu-sd-ku (4) dup Ur- d Sin (5) 22 gur (6) dup

Lu-pal-sig
REV. (i) ka-a .... turn tur-ta (2) Pa-gar-gar-e-ne (3) sii-ba-ab-ti (4) .... pal (5) itu e-itu-as.

15 gur of barley and 3 gur o gig , sealed for by Ur- d Sin ; 22 gur [of barley]

sealed for by Lu-pal-sig ; Pa-gar-gar-e-ne has received.

Date : no year ; month $-itu-aL

32.

OBV. (i) i gur 120 ka se gur (2) lugal -ri gu-za (3) gir Lu-

d Dun-gi (4) 240 ka se-ba dumu Ur- d Dun-pa-e' (5) 240 ka se-numun

dup Lugal-[ ]-e 1 Ur-am-ma (6) 180 ka a lu su-mal (7) dup Ur-am-ma (8) 180 ka se-
numun dup

REV. (i) 60 ka se-numun dup Ur-gis-ginar (2) su-nigin 5 2 gur 120 ka se gur (3) .... a-sag d ....

(4) . . . [itu e]- . . . itu-as (5) da-za

i gur 1 20 ka of barley steward Lu- d Dun-gi ; 240 ka in payment

of the son of Ur- d Dun-pa-e ; 240 ka for sowing sealed for by Lugal-[ ]-e [son of] Ur-
am-ma; 1 80 ka, wages of workmen sealed for by Ur-am-ma ; 180 ka for sowing sealed for by

; 60 ka for sowing sealed for by Ur-gis-ginar : making a total of 5 2 gur 1 50 ka of barley.

Date : year ; month e-itu-aL

1 Cf. No. 54, obv. 1. 3. The second sign is the same as 2 The separate items only amount to 4 gur 150 ka.
that for the fourth month. Is it possibly zag ?

12 SUMERIAN TABLETS

33.

OBV. (i) 2 gur 1 20 ka Se-gar-ra gur (2) engar-e-ne (3) ki-lam (?) gu-la a-Sag la-mag-ta (4) ki-Lu-

d Dun-gi-ra-ta
REV. (i) dup -pa- (2) itu d Ne-giin (3) mu [en] Erida-ki ba-su.

2 gur 1 20 ka of barley, at interest, for the farmers, ; from Lu- d Dun-

gi-ra ; sealed for by pa-c'.

Date : 8th year of Bur-Sin ; month d Ne-giin.

34.

OBV. (i) i gur Se-gar-ra-sii gur (2) ki . . . . sag gis-ba-nu (?) (3) ki-Lu- d Dun-gi-[ra-ta] (4) dup Lugal-

e-mag-e
REV. (i) itu d Dumu-zi (2) mu en Erida-ki ba-su.

i gur of barley, at interest, fromLu-' 1 Dun-gi-[ra]; sealed for by Lugal-e-mag-e.

Date : 8th year of Bur-Sin ; month d Dumu-zi.

35.

OBV. (i) 1 60 ka se gur 60 ka-ta (2) ki-Ad-da-ta (3) Da-da-a (4) su-ba-ti
REV. (i) itu sii-numun.

A loan of 1 60 ka of barley, at 60 ka per gur interest, from Ad-da Da-da-a has received.
Date : no year ; month $ti-mimun.

36.

OBV. (i) 12 gur 180 ka e gur-lugal (2) a lu su-mal (3) ki-An-ki-ta (4) ki-Uru-ta (5) dup Lugal-e-

mag-e nubarida gud
REV. (i) itu e-itu-as (2) mu us-sa Si-mu-ru-um-ki Lu-lu-bu-um-ki a-du Q-kam ba-gul.

12 gur 180 ka of barley, wages of workmen, from An-ki, from Uru ; sealed for by Lugal-e-
mag-e, keeper of the oxen.

Date : 55th year of Dungi ; month -itu-a$.

37.

OBV. (i) 3 gur 60 ka se gur-lugal (2) a lu sii-mal-su (3) ki-Da-a-ga-ta (4) Lugal . . . ga-ni
REV. (i) ii-ba-ti (2) itu su-numun (3) mu An-sa-[an]-ki ba-gul.

3 gur 60 ka of barley, royal measure, wages of workmen, Lugal . . . ga-ni has received from
Da-a-ga.

Date : 44th year of Dungi ; month $ti-numun.

38.

OBV. (i) i gur zid-se gur (2) ki-Lugal-e-mag-e-ta (3) dup Ur

REV. (i) itu min-ab (2) mu en Erida-ki ba-3d.

i gur of barley-meal from Lugal-e-mag-e ; sealed for by Ur

Date : 8th year of Bur-Sin ; month min-ab.

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION 13

39.

OBV. (i) 58 ka zid-se (2) ud ig-kam (3) ki d X-kam-ta (4) dup pa-te-si
REV. (i) itu su-numun (2) mu us-sa Si-ma-num-ki ba-gul.

58 ka of barley-meal from d X-kam ; sealed for by the patesi.
Date : 4th year of Gimil-Sin ; igth day of month M-numun.

40.

OBV. (i) 2 gur zid-se gur-lugal (2) ki-Ad-da-ta (3) A-ab-ba-mu ME A Nun-gal

REV. (i) sii-ba-ti (2) dup Da-a-gi (3) mu-A-ab-ba-mu .fl/Z^Nun-gal-ka-su (4) ni-gal (5) itu min-ab.

2 gur of barley-meal, royal measure, A-ab-ba-mu the ME of d Nun-gal has received from
Ad-da; sealed for by Da-a-gi on behalf of A-ab-ba-mu the ME of d Nun-gal.
Date : no year ; month min-ab.

41.

OBV. (i) 360 sa gi-[zi] (2) gis-sar e-sag-ga (3) mu-tum (4) sag e-mas (5) gir Ur- -nig .... (6)

nu gis sar
REV. (i) mu d X e Gis-ug-ki ba-du.

360 bundles of reeds from the park of -$ag-ga, brought to -ma$ : steward Ur . . . nig . . . ,
keeper of the park.

Date : gth year of Gimil-Sin. No month.

42.

OBV. (i) 290 sa gi-zi (2) Ka- d X (3) 220 sa gi-zi (4) Bi-it (5) 98 sa gi-zi

REV. (i) An-na-f_gi]-li-bi (2) sa-gal udu nitdg ud 2-kam (3) ki-Ur-an-ma-ta (4) dup Gu-pi-pi (5) itu

dirig mu us-sa Ki-mas-ki ba-gul.

**
290 bundles of reeds (received by) Ka- d X ; 220 bundles (received by) Bi-it; 98 bundles

(received by) An-na-[gi]-li-bi : food for fat sheep ; from Ur-an-ma ; sealed for by Gu-pi-pi.
Date : 57th year of Dungi ; 2nd day of intercalary month.

43.

OBV. (i) 47 sa gi (2) en-gab-du-ta (3) [mu]-tum sag e-mas-su (4) mu

REV. (i) (2) .... da (3) itu e-itu-as (4) mu d I-bi- d Sin lugal.

47 bundles of reeds, brought to e-maS,

Date: 1st year of Ibi-Sin ; month e-itu-d$.

44.

OBV. (i) 77 sa gi (2) en-gab-du-ta (3) mu-tum (4) sag e-mas-su

REV. (i) gir Ud- d X (2) itu Ne-giin (3) mu en Unug-ki ni [sic]

77 bundles of reeds brought to $-ma$ : steward Ud- d X.

Date : 2nd year of Ibi-Sin ; month Ne-gtin.

14 SUMERIAN TABLETS

45.

OBV. (i) 85 sa gi-zi (2) ud 22-kam (3) 112 sa [a]-du i-kam (4) no sa [a]-du 2-kam (5) 90 sa a-du

3-kam (6) ud 23-kam
REV. itu pa-ii-e.

85 bundles of reeds, on the 22nd day; 112 bundles, the first instalment, no bundles, the
second instalment, 90 bundles, the third instalment, on the 23rd day.

Date : no year ; month p^-ti-e.

46.

OBV. (i) 20 sa gi (2) sigiSse d Gu-la (3) glr A-a-kal-la
REV. itu pa-ii-e.

20 bundles of reeds offerings to d Gu-la ; steward A-a-kal-la.

Date : no year ; month pa-ii-e.

47.

OBV. (i) 101 sa gi-zi a-du i-kam (2) 88 sa a-du 2-kam (3) 58 sa[a]-du 3-kam
REV. (i) pa Ni-kal-la (2) igi-gar-ag 1 2i-kam (3) itu Ezen d Dun-gi (4) mu d I-bf- d Sin lugal.

101 bundles of reeds, the first instalment; 88 bundles, the second instalment ; 58 bundles,
the third instalment; overseer Ni-kal-la ; work done(?) on the 2ist day.

Date : ist year of Ibi-Sin ; month Ezen d Dun-gi.

48.

OBV. (i) 13 ka kas (2) 49 ka kas (3) ud 2i-[kam] (4) 15 ka kas

REV. (i) 35 ka kaS (2) ud 22-kam (3) ki ta (4) dup pa-te-si (5) itu d Dumu-zi (6) mu bad

Mar-tu ba-dti.

13 ka and 49 ka of date-wine on the 2ist day ; 15 ka and 35 ka on the 22nd day ; sealed for
by the patesi.

Date : 4th year of Gimil-Sin ; month d Duimi-zi.

49.

OBV. (i) 15 udu ga (2) 9 mas (3) es-es-ku (4) ki-Ur-se . . . . ta (5) Ba-sag ni-ku
REV. (i) itu pa-u-e(2) mu An-sa-an-ki ba-gul.

1 5 sheep, 9 kids, for sacrifice, from Ur-se Ba-sdg has taken over.

Date 44th year of Dungi ; month pa-ti-e.

50.

OBV. (i) [10] kus(?) udu (2) Lugal-gar-si-e Sim (3) i Ur-gis-ginar mu dumu Lii-dingir-ra mu (4) 3
a-du i-kam (5) 2 a-du 2-kam (6) Ba-sig ka-su-du

REV. (i) 2 Sa (?)-la (2) 4 Ki-gu-du-du (3) 4 Ni-kal-la (4) i Ur-sukkal mu-lugal (5) 27 kus (?)

udu (6) itu pa-ii-e (7) mu e- d X ba-dii.

[10] skins (?) of sheep to Lugal-gar-si-e the brewer (?) ; i to Ur-gis-ginar the baker, son of
Lu-dingir-ra the baker ; 3 as a first instalment, 2 as a second instalment to Ba-sig the butler ; 2 to
Sa(?)-la . . . ; 4 to Ki-gu-du-du ; 4 to Ni-kal-la; I to Ur-sukkal the royal baker: total 27.
Date : 9th year of Gimil-Sin ; month pa-ti-e.

1 Cf. igi-gar-bi-mu-ag T.S.A. XLI note, where the phrase occurs in Tablets 56-8. Cf. A.O. 5651 (R.A. viii. p. 157)
is applied to sheep and goats. The group igi-gar-ag also igi-gar ud i6-kam.

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION 15

51.

OBV. (i) 5 ku (?)udu (2) 5 sag-du udu (3) d Nin-ir-ra (4) i d Dun-gi (5) i d Bur- d Sin
REV. (i) i d Gimil- d Sin (2) [ud]-sar ucl 15 (3) mu-tum sag e-mas-su (4) itu pa-ii-e (5) mu d !-bf- d Sin
lugal.

5 skins of sheep and 5 heads of sheep for d Nin-ir-ra; I for d Dun-gi ; i for d Bur- d Sin ; i for
d Gimil- d Sin : for the new-moon ; brought to e-maS.

Date : ist year of Ibi-Sin ; i5th day of month pa-ti-e.

52.

OBV. (i) 5 kus(?) udu (2) d Nin-ib (3) d En-lil (4) mu-tum sag e-mas-su
REV. (i) itupa-u{e] (2) mu d I-bi'- d Sin lugal.

5 skins of sheep for d Ninib ; 3 for d Enlil : brought to e-ma$.
Date: ist year of Ibi-Sin ; month pa-ti-e.

53.

OBV. (i) i ku (?)udu (2) Lugal-gar-si-e (3) i Ur-gis-ginar mu (4) dumu Lu-dingir mu
REV. (i) 2 ku3 (?) sig (2) .... e-mas .... (3) .... Ad-da-ta (4) zig-ga (5) itu pa-u-e.

i skin of a sheep for Lugal-gar-si-e ; i for Ur-gis-ginar the baker, son of Lu-dingir the baker ;
2 fine skins : (given out) at &-maS by Ad-da.
Date : No year ; month pa-ti-e.

54.

OBV. (i) 10 gin ku-babbar (2) ki-E-ur-bi-gi-ta (3) Lugal-[ ] J -e (4) sii-ba-ti
REV. (i) itu min-ab (2) mu en-[unu]-gal An-na ba-su.

10 shekels of silver, Lugal-[ ]-e has received from E-ur-bi-gi.
Date : 4th year of Bur-Sin ; monih min-ab.

55.

OBV. (i) 5 gin ia-nun-ta (2) 4 gm ga . . . . ta ud i5-s"u (4) sa-dug d DU(?)

REV. (i) Gis-ba-nig-ni (2) ruk-ruk-dam 2 (3) itu e-itu-as (4) mu en d lnnana Unug-ki mas-[e]-ni-pad.

5 gin of butter and 4 gin of cheese (?) per day, for 15 days, regular offering for the god
DU (?), Gis-ba-nig-ni has delivered (?).

Date : 2nd year of Ibi-Sin ; month e-itu-d$.

56.

OBV. (i) 46 geme-u3-bar (2) en-gab-du-ta (3) gi-zi-il-mal (4) e-maS-su (5) pa Ni-kal-l[a]

REV. (i) igi-gar-ag ud 10 + #-[kam] (2) glr Ad-da (3) itu Ezen- d Dun-gi (4) mu d I-bf- d Sin lugal.

46 websters makers of turbans, at 8-ma$ ; overseer Ni-kal-la ; work done

10 4- #th day ; steward Ad-da.

Date : ist year of Ibi-Sin ; month Ezen d Dun-gi.

1 Cf. p. ii, note i. 2 Cf. Tab. Drthem, 5541, obv. line 5.

16 SUMERIAN TABLETS

57.

OBV. (i) 47 gme-us-bar (2) gi-zi-fl-mal (3) en-gab-du-ta (4) e-mas-su (5) pa Ni-kal-la
REV. (i) igi-gar-ag ud 22-kam (2) g\r Ad-da (3) itu Ezen- d Dun-gi (4) mu d I-bf- <1 Sin lugal.

47 websters, makers of turbans, , at $-ma$, overseer Ni-kal-la ; work done

22nd day ; steward Ad-da.

Date : ist year of Ibi-Sin ; month Ezen d Dun-gi.

58.

OBV. (i) 46 geme-us-bar (2) pa Ni-kal-la (3) (4) en-gab-du-ta (5) e-udu-Su

REV. (i) gi-fl-mal (2) im-se-mal (3) itu d Ne-giin (4) mu d I-bi- d Sin lugal.

46 websters, overseer Nikalla , at g-udu, makers of turbans, makers of

Date : ist year of Ibi-Sin ; month d Ne-gtin.

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